Safety standards are a critical consideration when specifying AC/DC or DC/DC converters. These standards continuously evolve, and requirements can differ significantly by end application. The traditional "default" standards—IEC/EN 60950-1 (IT) and IEC/EN 60065 (Audio/Visual)—were completely withdrawn in December 2020. While IEC/EN 62368-1 now applies generally, other standards may be more appropriate depending on your application. A paper by the Zentralverband Elektrotechnik- und Elektronikindustrie e.V. (ZVEI) linked below provides guidance on selecting the correct standard according to the intended use.